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Site de
origem: http://www.zend.org/ Visite!
Link do artigo: http://www.zend.org/zend/tut/wap.php
Visite
Building WML Applications Using PHP
By W.J. Gilmore
August 3, 2000
Site de
origem: PHP Builder (http://www.phpbuilder.com/)
Visite!
Link do
artigo: http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/mike20010118.php3
Visite!
Introduction to WML, Apache,
and PHP
Mike
Johnson
Working on a website for my company, I
discovered the need for wireless access to my email, stocks and such. Not
wanting to pay someone else to give me this information, I decided to develop a
wireless site. The information to do this is available on the internet, but it
is scattered and hard to come across. I needed the ability to run php scripts,
access databases,
and other functions that I needed PHP to do for me. This article covers the
basics of wml, how to set up your apache server, and php. Covering the basics
allows you to set up this environment and then learn the rest on your own.
Requirements
You will need a little experience with the
Apache Web Server, Php and html. As for system requirements, I am using apache
1.3.9, php3, and Red Hat Linux 6.0 for this demonstration. I don't see any
problems with setting this up on a windows machine running Apache, and PHP3 or
PHP4.
In this article, I am going to walk you through the following areas; intro to
wml, setting up apache for wireless appications, and creating your first WML/PHP
page. Much of this information has been gathered from across the internet, and
some I learned as I tried to put together a working site.
Intro to WML
WML stands for Wireless Markup Language. WAP
phone or similar devices are used to view pages written in WML. WML is similar
to XML based on it's syntax and scrictness. Anybody who has used html will have
no problem learning WML. Many tags and attributes are the same, but there are
fewer tags. WML allows the programmer to use variables that allow you to create
dynamic content, although for this article we are going to use php as the
dynamic language.
WML Basics
In WML you can use many sub-pages (called 'cards')
in one WML page (called a 'deck'). Each WML card works like a web page and its
content is displayed to the user. The following will be our first example of a .wml
page. On my server, I saved this file in ~/wireless/home.wml
<wml>
<card id='home'>
<p>
My first Test page
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Unlike HTML, if you do not close your tags,
e.g. <wml> </wml> then, your script will not compile correctly. The
example above will create a simple test message on any wireless device that says
"My first Test page".
Setting up Apache
Ok, now the fun part. In order for apache to
catch what a wireless device visits your server, you need to set up your httpd.conf
( my file is located in /etc/httpd/conf/ ) file, I am using PHP3 so all changes
are made accordingly. Before you start you may want to make a backup copy of
your httpd.conf file, just in case :)
Step 1: First, we need to use the
AddType function to add a new mime type. You need to go to to the script where
you define php. It looks something like below:
<IfModule mod_php3.c>
AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3 .php .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php3-source .phps
</IfModule>
Needs to be changed to:
<IfModule mod_php3.c>
AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3 .php .phtml .wml
AddType application/x-httpd-php3-source .phps
</IfModule>
This will use the php compiler on all .wml
pages it encounters.
Step 2: Uncomment the apache Load Module
and Add Module
change:
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
#AddModule mod_rewrite.c
to:
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
AddModule mod_rewrite.c
Step 3: We'll use apache mod_rewrite
module (only available in version 1.2+ ). Using this, you can rewite requested
URL's on the fly, as certain conditions are met. You need to place this code
snipplet at the bottom of the page.
RewriteEngine On
# Catch most WAP browsers
RewriteCond %{HTTP_ACCEPT} text/vnd\.wap\.wml [OR]
# WinWAP, WAPjag
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} wap [OR]
#Nokia emulators (sdk)
RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} 7110
# Rewrite to where your wireless page is located
RewriteRule ^[\./](.*)$ /home/mydirectory/wireless/home.wml [L]
Now, you will need to restart the apache server.
Creating your first WML/PHP wireless page
Ok, now that we have everything set up, lets
create our first page. In order for a wireless device to access a page compiled
using php, you need to send the correct header information.
<?php
# Send the header information<br>
header("Content-type:
text/vnd.wap.wml");
?>
# put in the wml code
<wml>
<card id='home'>
<p>
My first test page
<p>
</card>
</wml>
You have just completed your first 'simple'
wireless page. Now, let's try to do something just a little harder.
You need to check your site using a
WAP-compatible device. I use the Phone.com
Software Development kit, which contains the UP.Simulator, to check my wireless
pages. It allows the user to choose different phones and see what their wireless
pages look like through the different devices.
A more indepth article can be found at here.
To view what this tutorial accomplished, go to www.anautics.com
using your wireless device or browser.
More information can be obtained through the
following resources:
http://updev.phone.com
http://www.wapforum.org
http://www.wap.com
http://www.waplinks.com
-- Mike
Site de origem: http://www.alimar.co.uk/
Visite!!!
Link: http://www.alimar.co.uk/devforum/misctips/example_of_php_and_wap.htm
Example of PHP and WAP
This works!
<?php
// send wml headers
header("Content-type: text/vnd.wap.wml");
echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>";
echo "<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC \"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN\""
. " \"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml\">";
?>
<wml>
<card id="start" ontimer="#index">
<timer value="30"/>
<p align="center">
<img src="welcome.wbmp" alt="Welcome!"/>
</p>
</card>
<card id="index" title="M3Gate Samples">
<p>
Click on a link below.<br/>
<a href="events/index.wml">WAP Events</a><br/>
<a href="shares/shares.wml">Shares</a><br/>
<a href="calculator/index.wml">Calculator</a><br/>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Site de origem: http://www.devshed.com
Visite!
Link: http://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/PHP/PHP_WAP/page1.html
Visite!
WAP-Enabling a Website with PHP3
By Mike Banahan
June 12, 2000
Introduction
The UK Geographic Search Engine / Guide
was an idea whose genesis occurred whilst our team were having their
pre-Christmas drink in The
Park on the day before Christmas Eve, 1999. We'd been kicking around a
number of ideas about how many of the Internet's users didn't `get' what it
could really be made to do when the concept of removing the virtuality and
injecting some reality just sort of bubbled up out of thin air. Fuelled
with demob-happiness some crazy ideas got discussed and then the blinding flash
of the obvious hit us: why can't you search the net based on how near things are
to each other rather than the text that documents contain?
Going from the thought to the execution always takes time but we were
lucky.
As a hobby project (mainly to learn the Qt widget set) I had already built a moving-map
GPS package to run on a Linux laptop while driving. Very basic, nothing
flashy, but at least it had a crude mapping engine in it. About an hour of
hackery on the code hooked it into our php3-based contact manager software and
presto: all of our customers' offices popped up on the maps too!
By the end of January a rough prototype of Somewherenear had been
built. The
location data is stored in a MySQL database
and distance-based searching performed very simply by using SQL `select'
statements with `where' clauses that limit the latitude and longitude of the
items sought. By late March we were ready to release the thing to the world and
did, feeling pretty pleased to snaffle the domain
name. We know that the radius-selection algorithms won't scale but
after chatting with Stuart Green (thanks Stuart), ex Leeds University, we are
confident that techniques used in molecular physics can be applied to give us
very fast radius detection, at the cost of lots of disk space.
We had always planned to hook the database
into location-aware devices. Whether they would be mobile phones or PDAs with
GPS in them wasn't clear, but it was obvious that before long people would be
out and about with devices that contain browsers and also know about their
location. We knew that we would probably have to deliver the data out of the
system in various formats. HTML was obvious, and probably WML too, along with
other XML derivatives if we proved to have built a useful resource.
Our goal was to be able to go to a strange town, press the
`nearest pub'
button on whatever the device was and to get a map showing establishments nearby,
together with visitors' ratings. Having gone there, you should be able to add
your own vote on the quality of the beer, the food, the surroundings and so on,
then ask for the nearest good curry house and cashpoint to pay for the food. (Non
UK-readers may not be aware of the mystic significance of curry and beer, but
believe me, it is extremely important to the UK software industry. Curry
houses are by far the most common food outlets in Britain. Even Macdonalds have
had to introduce Chicken McTikka to be able to compete; it's just as appealing
as their other offerings.)
We had an architecture already prepared for this kind of
project, based on
CGI programs and pseudo-HTML templates. A description of the TrainingPages
training search engine was written up some time ago and has been described
in a number of talks I have given. The architecture has some known deficiencies
so we thought it was time to move it up to its next stage. Its greatest
weakeness is that HTML ends up embedded in the CGI scripts, making them specfic
to the delivery format, plus the lack of enough intelligence in the template
language itself. Moving on to the next step, I decided to replace the template
language with php3 but to enforce a rigid separation of responsibilities. The
CGI scripts must do all the data
management, the templates must deal with presentation only.
This rule is an absolute winner and has proved to be hugely effective.
We still write the CGI programs in C++. It's a proper heavyweight engineering
language and frankly I still don't think that Java cuts it on the server side.
C++ templates provide so much power to the designer and the ability to use
exception-handling to catch errors has saved us acres of code, proving in my
mind superiority over Perl or php3 for the core data engine.
How it Works
The CGI program runs on response to every incoming query and is easily fast
enough to fill our data pipe without having to resort to trickery like Apache
modules or fastCGI. Each execution of the CGI inspects the incoming form and
uses that to decide which presentation template should be used. These
presentation templates (nothing to do with the C++ `template' construct) are
php3 pages. The CGI program's output is essentially a long list of php3 data
definitions; here's a fragment:
<?
$logfilename="/www/web.places/logs/dblog";
header("Set-cookie: name=3880d6350463;
expires=Saturday, 23-Mar-2002 06:08:30 GMT; path=/");
$Mytemplate["formmethod"]="get";
$Mytemplate["sessionkey"]="3880d6350463";
$Mytemplate["retrieved_cookie_session"]="Fri Apr 21 20:11:05 2000
";
$Mytemplate["lasttimeon"]="956344265";
$Mytemplate["placetype"]="1";
$Mytemplate["QUERY"]="a=show_link&unique_id=175&placetype=1";
$Mytemplate["mapimagewidth"]="292";
$Mytemplate["mapimageheight"]="219";
$Mytemplate["east"]="414996";
$Mytemplate["north"]="435499";
$Mytemplate["placename"]="Park";
$Mytemplate["title"]="Place Details, Park";
$Mytemplate["OSGB"]="SE 149 354";
$Mytemplate["latlong"]="053 48\" 55'N 001 46\" 19'W";
... and a lot more like it.
After spitting out the data, the CGI program opens the php3 template file and
tacks it onto the end of the data definitions, so it's acting much like the `cat'
command. The whole pasted-together chunk is sent through a pipe into the php3
interpreter and the output of that is also piped asynchronously through `weblint';
if weblint picks up any errors, it emails us to warn that we are generating bad
HTML. All this is done for every page generated. Running on an AMD K6/250 it
looks as if we can do about one page per second, including the map generation
before we would have to turn off the weblinting or look for more power.
Here is a fragment from the `place' php3
template, this is the one that
executes if you click on the link to The
Park pub:
<?
require('stdhead.tpl');
require('stdplace.tpl');
$thisplace = new PlaceDetail();
if (isset($place)) { $thisplace->import($place[0]); }
$thistypes = new TypeList();
if (isset($type)) { $thistypes->import($type); }
$REenter = "sessionkey=" . R("sessionkey") . "&rlimit=" .
R("rlimit") . "&east=" . R("east") . "&north=" . R("north")
. "&unique_id=" . $thisplace->unique_id .
"&placetype=" . R("placetype");
if(I("o-east")){
$REenter .= "&o-east=" . R("o-east") . "&o-north=" . R("o-north");
}
$basicformfields = "<input type=hidden name=a value=\"show\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=placetype value=\"" .
R("placetype") . "\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=sessionkey value=\"$K\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=rlimit value=\"" .
$Mytemplate["rlimit"]. "\">\n";
if (I("o-east")){
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=o-east value=\"" .
$Mytemplate["o-east"]. "\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=o-north value=\"" .
$Mytemplate["o-north"] . "\">\n";
}
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=east value=\"" .
$Mytemplate["east"]. "\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=north value=\"" .
$Mytemplate["north"]. "\">\n";
$basicformfields .= "<input type=hidden name=\"unique_id\" value=\"" .s
$thisplace->unique_id . "\">\n";
$votepics = array("twocross.gif", "onecross.gif", "onetick.gif",
"twotick.gif", "threetick.gif");
$votealts = array(":<", ":(", ":|", ":)", ":>");
// and a lot more besides ...
It's probably obscure unless you know php3 but I thought I'd include it for
those who know it. A lot of the calls like R(), I() and so on
are functions defined in stdhead.tpl - they extract data from the
predefined arrays but also report errors if expected data is missing, helping us
to debug the interface between the CGI and the php.
That all works - the CGI->php3->weblint->user chain is highly
effective. By having the logic in the C++ and the HTML generation in the php3
two people or teams can work simultaneously on the project without getting in
each other's way much and what's more, if you are tinkering with layout you know
you can't break the data engine or corrupt the database easily. This is
typically not the case with `traditional' php3 work where data
management and layout get badly intermingled. At least they do
when I'm writing the stuff, maybe there are some star performers who can manage
to do better; I take my hat off to them if they exist.
Switching to WML
After we got the HTML site going, the next task was to WAP it
up. The first
concern was how much we would have to hack php3 to tell it not to emit a first
line that says
Content-type: text/html
Although I couldn't find it documented anywhere, I found to my deep and
abiding joy that if you use the php3 header() function to output a
different content-type header, that suppresses the default. Bingo! Every WML
card deck now includes this php fragment at the top:
<?
header("Content-type: text/vnd.wap.wml");
echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n";
echo "<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC \"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN\"" .
" \"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml\">\n";
?>
and that deals with all the usual crud you have to cough out to get started with
WAP. From there on it was plain sailing. It took six hours to a) learn enough
WML to get something done and b) implement it. I used Steve Mann's book "Programming
Applications with the Wireless Application Protocol" (Wiley, ISBN
0-471-32754-9) as my reference, plus a few downloaded tutorials from places like
Waptastic for backup. I wouldn't recommend
any of them. Considering how restricted the WML language is, you would have
thought it wouldn't take much explaining, but I have yet to see a decent
tutorial on it. Maybe I am just too dim to pick it up easily. That might also
account for how limited our current WAP
version of the site is.
Of course you can't rely on WML being correct without testing it. If there is
a WML weblint-alike, I'd like to find it, but haven't looked hard enough yet. It
would be a big help to ensure that the WML is well-formed on the way out. You
also have to check that your WAP site `works', to the degree that you can make
anything work through such a limited medium. There are a number of WAP phone
simulators around. There is a web-based one at Gelon
as well as others from phone.com and the
marvellously named Slob-Trot in Finland.
Sadly both the latter two only run under Windows so far as I can tell, but vmware
came to the rescue. Or, at least it did for the Slob Trot browser, the phone.com
version ran but didn't paint any images on the screen. I later found a native
Windows machine and it seemed OK on that.
Using the simulators to test the WML allowed the php3 templates to be written
very quickly. Here is the full `place' template:
<?
require("stdwaphdr.tpl");
require('stdplace.tpl');
?>
<? $votepics = array("xx", "x", "+", "++", "+++"); ?>
<card title="Search results" id="first">
<p>
<?htmTplacetypename();?>(s) near <? htmT("placesearch"); ?><br/>
<? if(isset($places)): ?>
<? $placelist = new PlaceList; $placelist->import($places);
$placelist->reset(); $count = 1; while($place = $placelist->next()): ?>
<? echo htmlspecialchars("\"$place->name\", " . $place->county_address()); ?>
<? printf("(%.2fm) ", ($place->distance_km()*100/1.6)/100); ?><br/>
<? if(isset($Objects[$place->unique_id . "votes"])){
$arrayref = $Objects[$place->unique_id. "votes"];
// echo "Scores:";
$first = 1;
while(list($key, $value) = each($arrayref)){
$idx = $value - 1;
if($idx < 0)
continue;
$vname = $Objects["voteranktoshortnames"][$key];
if ($first) { $first = 0; } else { echo ", "; }
if (($idx < sizeof($votepics)) && ($idx >= 0)) {
echo "$vname $votepics[$idx]";
} else {
error("Vote value out of range");
}
}
echo "<br/>\n";
} else {
// echo "No votes yet<br/>\n";
} ?>
<? endwhile; ?>
<? else: ?>
No matches!
<? endif; ?>
Go back<anchor title="back"><prev>back</prev></anchor>
</p>
</card>
<?
require("stdwapftr.tpl");
?>
Conclusions
It's dead easy if you follow the path of separating the data
management from the presentation. Our approach works fine for us
and we can easily add features to the WAP part of the site to bring it up to a
similar spec to the main HTML site. Whether we would want to is another matter.
WML is pretty ropey and it's my own opinion that people used to HTML browsers
will be extremely frustrated if they get suckered by the hype about surfing the
net from your mobile phone. Screens the size of typical mobile phones are
well-nigh unusable and devices with more real estate will have enough power to
run HTML browsers. The data compression of the WAP protocol is another thing -
couple that with HTML and you will have something much more interesting.
The drawbacks that I've seen from using php3 like this are
minor. The htmlspecialchars()
function in php3 doesn't deal correctly with the WML entities that need escaping,
but I intend to write my own version and put it in the stdwaphdr.tpl
include file. If php3 finds a syntax error it tries to be nice and tell the user
via the browser - but it outputs HTML not WML while it does it. Hardly a
show-stopper if you have got your php3 code right in the first place, but should
it happen then the user's browser will choke. I'm told that WAP phones are even
less reliable than Windows at the moment: an article in this month's Personal
Computer World describes having to remove the battery from the phone when it
gets wedged.
It works, it's simple and I'm sure we will be doing more with
this.
Mike Banahan, GBdirect, 22nd April 2000
Update 22nd May 2000
If you want a copy of the templates used on the wap site, I have prepared a gzipped
tarfile of them which you can use for information. Note that the server will
serve them up as text/plain - just click on `save as' and drop the file into an
appropriate directory before unpacking it. The files will unpack into the
current directory, so make sure you put the archive somewhere sensible first. If
you spot any errors, I'd love to know.
In response to a number of comments I've received to this
piece, I have
written a description of
experiences developing WAP/WML pages as a follow-up item.
Abaixo, transcrevemos, do site DevArtivles ( http://www.devarticles.com/index.php)
um trecho de um artigo intitulado "Link : http://www.devarticles.com/content.php?articleId=85&page=4
Generating WMLScript with PHP and ASP
It's possible (and extremely easy) to add dynamic
content to our WMLScripts using PHP or ASP. As I mentioned earlier, as long as
our PHP/ASP scripts output WML only, then they can be called through a WAP
device. You don't have to use ASP or PHP however, and you could just as easily
code up a WMLScript using Perl, C#, or JSP.
Think of the possibilities that are available to us by using PHP or ASP to build
our WAP applications: databasing, mail servers, LDAP, message queuing, etc. For
a script to be WAP compatible, it must output a WML header to the client. It's
possible to make Apache/IIS output this header when it receives a request for a
WML file, but we can also manually output this header using either ASP or PHP.
Here's some PHP code that generates WML to output the date:
<?
header("Content-Type: text/vnd.wap.wml");
echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>";
echo "<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC \"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN\"
\"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml\">";
?>
<wml>
<card id="hello">
<p>Today is
<?
echo date("m/d/Y");
?>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Here's some ASP code that generates exactly the sample WMLScript:
<% Response.contenttype="text/vnd.wap.wml"
%>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card id="hello">
<p>Today is
<%
response.write date
%>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
It's crucial not to omit the content type information from the top of each
script. It's this information that enables the different agents in the protocol
to correctly process the message (gateway, browser, etc). The rest of the code
is conventional; you insert the ASP/PHP code inside the WML code. You can
therefore carry out any processes you want (database
access, image generation, etc).
Abaixo, temos o início de um
artigo encontrado no site WeberDev (http://www.weberdev.com/index.php3)
.
Para acessar o artigo é necessário um registro
rápido, solicitado quando se segue a seqüência de links: Articles
& Tutorials --> PHP --> WAP.
Building a WAP site using PHP3 and MySQL
NMG Nieuwe Media groep, the company I work for, was commissioned to build a
website by HTM, the public transport company in the Dutch city of The Hague,
that would give visitors the departure times of trams and buses on every stop in
the city, when everybody started talking about wap-applications.
I had to agree that a site like this made more sense as an application to be
used on a mobile telephone than as a webpage. I myself would probably use an
application like this when hanging in a bar wondering if I could still make the
last tram leaving from across the street and, if not, when the first tram the
next morning would leave.
I had already built the database
for the website as well as a management tool to upload and edit the data, using
mysql and php3, so turning it into wml would be a synch, I thought.
Because all NOKIA 7110's were sold out at that time, I started off using the
NOKIA Toolkit.
(Siga os procedimentos indicados acima para ver o restante
do artigo)
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